ISTANBUL (Reuters) - Kurdish militants said on Thursday media reports that its fighters had agreed to withdraw from Turkey as part of a peace pact to end their 28-year-old insurgency were lies and part of a psychological war.
The Sabah newspaper on Thursday said Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) guerrillas had agreed to withdraw to northern Iraq, where the group is based, by March 21 as part of peace talks with the PKK's jailed leader Abdullah Ocalan which started late last year.
Turkish Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan has staked much political capital on the talks, given the potential for a nationalist backlash ahead of elections next year.
Media reports this week of a planned pullout have fuelled optimism about progress towards an end to the conflict which has killed some 40,000 people.
The PKK statement denied those reports as well as others in Turkish media that said Ankara was in talks with the militants in northern Iraq.
"The stories on this subject are also completely invented lies," the statement said. "These stories are activities in a deliberate psychological war aimed at manipulation."
Sabah, which is close to the government, said the PKK pullout would begin at the start of March when the weather in southeast Turkey turns milder. It said Ocalan, imprisoned on Imrali island south of Istanbul, was expected to issue a call within 10 days for the militants to declare a ceasefire after Kurdish politicians visit him.
Sabah did not name its source. Only a few officials are involved in the talks and have not disclosed details publicly, with the government wary of endangering its support ahead of local and presidential elections in 2014.
The PKK said it fully supported Ocalan representing the group in negotiations and called for him to be allowed to hold talks with the rest of the rebel leadership. He has been held in near isolation since he was captured in 1999.
"Talks between the leader Apo (Ocalan), our leadership and elements in the KCK (rebel umbrella group) must be facilitated for the process to advance properly in a way that will achieve results," it added.
KURDISH RIGHTS
The rebels took up arms in 1984 with the aim of creating a Kurdish state in southeastern Turkey. Declared a terrorist group by Ankara, the United States and the European Union, the PKK has since moderated its goal to one of autonomy.
PKK fighters withdrew from Turkish territory on Ocalan's orders after his 1999 capture as part of moves towards peace, but several hundred militants are thought to have been killed by security forces during the pull-out.
Erdogan gave his word this month that the same thing would not happen again. He also sought to strike a middle ground between supporting the peace process while maintaining a hardline against the militants.
"We will not give the slightest ground in the struggle against terrorism," he said in a speech on Thursday.
In return for the pull-out of militants and their ultimate disarmament, the government is expected to boost the rights of Kurds, who make up about 20 percent of Turkey's population of 76 million.
As part of those reforms, Turkey's parliament last week passed a law allowing defendants to use Kurdish in court in a move seen aimed at breaking a deadlock in the trials of hundreds accused of links to the PKK. [ID:nL6N0AU2VN]
On Thursday, a court in southeastern Turkey acquitted 98 mayors from the pro-Kurdish Peace and Democracy Party (BDP) of charges they belonged to a "terrorist organization" and had disseminated propaganda calling for better prison conditions for Ocalan.
President Abdullah Gul approved the law late on Wednesday, and a court in the southeastern city of Diyarbakir officially allowed the first Kurdish testimony on Thursday. Defendants have spoken in Kurdish before but on those occasions the court switched off their microphones.
(Additional reporting by Seyhmus Cakan in Diyarbakir, Turkey, and Ayla Jean Yackley in Istanbul; Writing by Daren Butler; Editing by Nick Tattersall and Rosalind Russell)
Campus as laboratory: U-M student biologists use Diag trees to help solve gypsy moth mysteryPublic release date: 30-Jan-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Jim Erickson ericksn@umich.edu 734-647-1842 University of Michigan
ANN ARBORWorking beneath the towering oaks and maples on the University of Michigan's central campus Diag, undergraduate researchers and their faculty adviser helped explain an observation that had puzzled insect ecologists who study voracious leaf-munching gypsy moth caterpillars.
The caterpillars, which defoliate and sometimes kill stands of trees in the Upper Midwest and the Northeast, are especially fond of oaks, but sugar maple trees appear to be relatively resistant to the European pest.
Biologists wondered whether the caterpillars shun sugar maples in part because their leaves are less nutritious than the leaves of other trees. To find out, U-M biochemist Ray Barbehenn and several of his undergraduate research assistants compared the protein quality of red oak and sugar maple leaves from trees on the Diag.
What they found runs counter to conventional wisdom on the topic, which states that protein quality in leaves differs significantly from species to species. Instead, Barbehenn and his students found that the amino acid composition of the proteins in red oak and sugar maple leaves is strikingly similarso similar, in fact, that they could not be distinguished during the spring, when gypsy moths do most of their feeding.
However, the researchers found that protein is more abundant in oak leaves than in maple leaves.
"Instead of differences in protein quality, we showed that maple trees have lower quantities of protein than oak, partly explaining why they are less nutritious than oak leaves," said Barbehenn, an associate research scientist in the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. The amount of essential amino acids in oak leaves was 30-42 percent higher than the EAA content of maple leaves in the spring and summer.
"These results help us understand the nutritional reasons why insects perform better or worse on different species of plants. This kind of information is needed in agriculture and forestry to improve the resistance of plants to insect pests," he said. "In the short term, though, this is basic research that is driven by the curiosity of ecologists to understand nature better."
The team's findings will be published in an upcoming edition of the journal Oecologia. Authors of the journal article are Barbehenn and two of his former undergraduate research assistants, Joseph Kochmanski and Julie Niewiadomski. Barbehenn has worked with more than 40 undergraduate research assistants since 2000.
Niewiadomski graduated from U-M with a bachelor's degree in biology in May 2010 and is now studying nutrition in a doctoral program at Cornell University. She said her work studying protein metabolism in gypsy moth caterpillars shaped her decision to pursue a doctorate in nutrition.
"My career in nutrition research began in Ray's lab," she said. "I am looking forward to seeing where it leads me."
Kochmanski is now a master's student at the U-M School of Public Health, focusing on toxicology. He said his time with Barbehenn instilled in him "a strong desire to continue doing research."
"I am currently working in a toxicology laboratory at the School of Public Health, doing research into the human health effects of environmental exposures," he said. "I can trace my interest in this subject back to my time working in Ray's lab."
"Our research involves a true partnership," Barbehenn said. "I teach students to work and think like biologists, and they help me get publication-quality data," he said. "For almost all of them, it's the first time they've had this opportunity and the first publication they've co-authored."
In the gypsy moth study, the students used a long-pole pruner to reach into the crowns of Diag oaks and maples and collect leaves. The field work was done in 2010, with permission from U-M Grounds Services.
In the nearby Natural Sciences Building, the research team used high-performance liquid chromatography to separate and quantify the amino acids that make up proteins. The whole-body essential amino acid composition of gypsy moth caterpillars was measured to estimate their optimum dietary protein composition, which was compared with the EAA compositions of oak and maple leaves.
"The ability to literally walk out the door to work on tree defenses against pests like the gypsy moth, coupled with an abundance of undergraduate talent, makes the U-M campus an ideal location for studies in insect chemical ecology," Barbehenn said.
The protein study showed that gypsy moths would have to devour more maple leaves than oak leaves to achieve the same amount of nourishment. But earlier work by Barbehenn and his students showed that the toxicity of maple leaves may prevent this strategy from working.
Studies conducted on the U-M campus between 2005 and 2009 showed that sugar maple leaves produce much higher levels and more types of toxic chemicals called tannins for their defense than do red oak leaves. Tannins and other toxic chemicals provide the major strategy that plants have evolved to defend themselves against attack by insects.
###
Read the Oecologia paper at
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00442-012-2574-7/fulltext.html.
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Campus as laboratory: U-M student biologists use Diag trees to help solve gypsy moth mysteryPublic release date: 30-Jan-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Jim Erickson ericksn@umich.edu 734-647-1842 University of Michigan
ANN ARBORWorking beneath the towering oaks and maples on the University of Michigan's central campus Diag, undergraduate researchers and their faculty adviser helped explain an observation that had puzzled insect ecologists who study voracious leaf-munching gypsy moth caterpillars.
The caterpillars, which defoliate and sometimes kill stands of trees in the Upper Midwest and the Northeast, are especially fond of oaks, but sugar maple trees appear to be relatively resistant to the European pest.
Biologists wondered whether the caterpillars shun sugar maples in part because their leaves are less nutritious than the leaves of other trees. To find out, U-M biochemist Ray Barbehenn and several of his undergraduate research assistants compared the protein quality of red oak and sugar maple leaves from trees on the Diag.
What they found runs counter to conventional wisdom on the topic, which states that protein quality in leaves differs significantly from species to species. Instead, Barbehenn and his students found that the amino acid composition of the proteins in red oak and sugar maple leaves is strikingly similarso similar, in fact, that they could not be distinguished during the spring, when gypsy moths do most of their feeding.
However, the researchers found that protein is more abundant in oak leaves than in maple leaves.
"Instead of differences in protein quality, we showed that maple trees have lower quantities of protein than oak, partly explaining why they are less nutritious than oak leaves," said Barbehenn, an associate research scientist in the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. The amount of essential amino acids in oak leaves was 30-42 percent higher than the EAA content of maple leaves in the spring and summer.
"These results help us understand the nutritional reasons why insects perform better or worse on different species of plants. This kind of information is needed in agriculture and forestry to improve the resistance of plants to insect pests," he said. "In the short term, though, this is basic research that is driven by the curiosity of ecologists to understand nature better."
The team's findings will be published in an upcoming edition of the journal Oecologia. Authors of the journal article are Barbehenn and two of his former undergraduate research assistants, Joseph Kochmanski and Julie Niewiadomski. Barbehenn has worked with more than 40 undergraduate research assistants since 2000.
Niewiadomski graduated from U-M with a bachelor's degree in biology in May 2010 and is now studying nutrition in a doctoral program at Cornell University. She said her work studying protein metabolism in gypsy moth caterpillars shaped her decision to pursue a doctorate in nutrition.
"My career in nutrition research began in Ray's lab," she said. "I am looking forward to seeing where it leads me."
Kochmanski is now a master's student at the U-M School of Public Health, focusing on toxicology. He said his time with Barbehenn instilled in him "a strong desire to continue doing research."
"I am currently working in a toxicology laboratory at the School of Public Health, doing research into the human health effects of environmental exposures," he said. "I can trace my interest in this subject back to my time working in Ray's lab."
"Our research involves a true partnership," Barbehenn said. "I teach students to work and think like biologists, and they help me get publication-quality data," he said. "For almost all of them, it's the first time they've had this opportunity and the first publication they've co-authored."
In the gypsy moth study, the students used a long-pole pruner to reach into the crowns of Diag oaks and maples and collect leaves. The field work was done in 2010, with permission from U-M Grounds Services.
In the nearby Natural Sciences Building, the research team used high-performance liquid chromatography to separate and quantify the amino acids that make up proteins. The whole-body essential amino acid composition of gypsy moth caterpillars was measured to estimate their optimum dietary protein composition, which was compared with the EAA compositions of oak and maple leaves.
"The ability to literally walk out the door to work on tree defenses against pests like the gypsy moth, coupled with an abundance of undergraduate talent, makes the U-M campus an ideal location for studies in insect chemical ecology," Barbehenn said.
The protein study showed that gypsy moths would have to devour more maple leaves than oak leaves to achieve the same amount of nourishment. But earlier work by Barbehenn and his students showed that the toxicity of maple leaves may prevent this strategy from working.
Studies conducted on the U-M campus between 2005 and 2009 showed that sugar maple leaves produce much higher levels and more types of toxic chemicals called tannins for their defense than do red oak leaves. Tannins and other toxic chemicals provide the major strategy that plants have evolved to defend themselves against attack by insects.
###
Read the Oecologia paper at
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00442-012-2574-7/fulltext.html.
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
A new analysis has found that some second trimester markers for Down's syndrome that are detected by ultrasound are more telling than others. Published early online in Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, the study's results will help adjust pregnant women's risks for having a child with the condition.
Screening for Down's syndrome is offered to all pregnant women, who start out with a background risk based on their age. Certain features detected during a second trimester ultrasound exam are potential markers for Down's syndrome, and they include dilated brain ventricles, absent or small nose bone, increased thickness of the back of the neck, an abnormal artery to the upper extremities, bright spots in the heart, 'bright' bowels, mild kidney swelling, and shortening of an arm bone or thigh bone.
To determine how these markers affect risk, Kypros Nicolaides, MD, of the Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine at King's College London in England, and his colleagues analyzed all published studies that reported results on second trimester markers for Down's syndrome between 1995 and 2012.
The researchers identified 48 studies, and they discovered that most single markers have only a small effect on modifying the odds for Down's syndrome. This finding could have important clinical implications because currently in the United States, when a marker such as a short arm or thigh bone is detected, women are told that they are at high risk of having a child with Down's syndrome. Dr. Nicolaides and his team found that a few markers do carry increased risks, though. Dilated brain ventricles, increased thickness of the back of the neck, and an abnormal artery to the upper extremities increase the risk by three- to four-fold, and an absent or small nose bone increases the risk by six- to seven-fold.
"The detection of any one of the findings during the scan should prompt the sonographer to look for all other markers or abnormalities," said Prof. Nicolaides. He added that the study also revealed that if a detailed second trimester ultrasound exam demonstrates the absence of all major markers, the risk of having a baby affected by Down's syndrome is reduced by more than seven-fold.
The findings indicate that the relative importance of ultrasound markers is very different from what has been previously assumed. Prof. Nicolaides noted that the results from this study will be incorporated in obstetric ultrasound scan software that adjusts women's risks for having a child with Down's syndrome.
###
URL: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/uog.12364
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Study reveals significance of second trimester markers for Down's syndromePublic release date: 30-Jan-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
A new analysis has found that some second trimester markers for Down's syndrome that are detected by ultrasound are more telling than others. Published early online in Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, the study's results will help adjust pregnant women's risks for having a child with the condition.
Screening for Down's syndrome is offered to all pregnant women, who start out with a background risk based on their age. Certain features detected during a second trimester ultrasound exam are potential markers for Down's syndrome, and they include dilated brain ventricles, absent or small nose bone, increased thickness of the back of the neck, an abnormal artery to the upper extremities, bright spots in the heart, 'bright' bowels, mild kidney swelling, and shortening of an arm bone or thigh bone.
To determine how these markers affect risk, Kypros Nicolaides, MD, of the Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine at King's College London in England, and his colleagues analyzed all published studies that reported results on second trimester markers for Down's syndrome between 1995 and 2012.
The researchers identified 48 studies, and they discovered that most single markers have only a small effect on modifying the odds for Down's syndrome. This finding could have important clinical implications because currently in the United States, when a marker such as a short arm or thigh bone is detected, women are told that they are at high risk of having a child with Down's syndrome. Dr. Nicolaides and his team found that a few markers do carry increased risks, though. Dilated brain ventricles, increased thickness of the back of the neck, and an abnormal artery to the upper extremities increase the risk by three- to four-fold, and an absent or small nose bone increases the risk by six- to seven-fold.
"The detection of any one of the findings during the scan should prompt the sonographer to look for all other markers or abnormalities," said Prof. Nicolaides. He added that the study also revealed that if a detailed second trimester ultrasound exam demonstrates the absence of all major markers, the risk of having a baby affected by Down's syndrome is reduced by more than seven-fold.
The findings indicate that the relative importance of ultrasound markers is very different from what has been previously assumed. Prof. Nicolaides noted that the results from this study will be incorporated in obstetric ultrasound scan software that adjusts women's risks for having a child with Down's syndrome.
###
URL: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/uog.12364
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Between Microsoft's October launch of Windows 8 and yesterday's rollout of Microsoft Office 2013 and Office 365, there's no denying that it's been a decision-filled few months for PC users.
It seems safe to say that Windows 8 has not been received as enthusiastically as Microsoft might have liked, but Office is of course a whole different ballgame, as they say.
With numerous components and pricing plans, this cross-platform entry is surely Redmond's broadest-reaching office product to date.
Time will tell how well it does, but meanwhile there are plenty of alternatives for those who remain unconvinced. Here's a small sampling of what's available from the world of free and open source software.
1. LibreOffice
Certainly the leading office productivity suite on the open source side is LibreOffice. In the two or so years since it was forked from OpenOffice, it's become the suite most commonly included by the top Linux distributions. With six feature-rich applications for word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, and more, the software had already been downloaded some 20 million times by last fall. It's available as a free download for Windows, Mac, and Linux.
2. Apache OpenOffice
Then, too, there's Apache OpenOffice, now under the purview of the Apache Software Foundation. OpenOffice is what LibreOffice is based on, so the two share many similarities; development work seems to be progressing more quickly on the latter, however. Not to be confused with the German variation now known as White Label Office, this suite is available as a free download at the project site.
3. Calligra Suite
Stepping a bit closer to Microsoft's new suite in terms of cross-platform compatibility is Calligra Suite, a graphics and office suite created by the KDE project from KOffice in 2010. With versions for desktop PCs, tablets, and smartphones, this package includes eight components spanning word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, databases, vector graphics, and more. It can be downloaded?for free for Linux, FreeBSD, OS X, and Windows.
4. OxygenOffice Professional
OxygenOffice Professional, meanwhile, is an enhanced version of OpenOffice that comes with extra goodies including templates, clip art, samples, fonts, and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) support. Now in version 3.2.1, this free software can be downloaded for 32-bit Windows as well as 32- and 64-bit Linux.
5. Feng Office Community Edition
Finally, there's Feng Office Community Edition, a free and open source online project management and collaboration tool formerly known as OpenGoo that offers task management, document management, project management, time tracking, knowledge management, and more. Users of the software can create and edit text documents and presentations online; they can also upload, organise, and share files. The free software can be downloaded online; paid professional versions are also available starting at $59 per month.
NEW YORK (AP) ? Hostess has picked the maker of Little Debbie as the lead bidder for its Drake's cakes.
According to a filing in U.S. bankruptcy court, McKee Foods has offered $27.5 million in cash for the cake brands, which include Devil Dogs, Funny Bones and Yodels. The fate of Twinkies and other Hostess cakes are still being negotiated with other bidders.
Hostess also said United States Bakery Inc. agreed to pay $28.9 million for its remained bread brands, which include Sweetheart, Eddy's, Standish Farms and Grandma Emilie's. That offer includes four bakeries, 14 depots and equipment. Earlier this month, Hostess picked Flowers Foods, which makes Tastykake and Nature's Own and Bunny bread, as the lead bidder for six of its major bread brands, including Wonder.
The "stalking horse" bids set the floor for an auction process that lets competitors make better offers. A judge would have to approve any final sales.
McKee Foods, based in Collegedale, Tenn., makes a variety of snack cakes under the Little Debbie banner that compete with Hostess cakes at a lower price. For example, its Cloud Cakes resemble Twinkies and its Devil Cremes resemble Devil Dogs. A representative for McKee Foods, Mike Gloekler, said the company didn't plan to scrap any brands as a result of the deal.
"Our intent is to produce like products as they are since they have different packaging and formulae," Gloekler said in a statement.
McKee's bid includes some equipment but not the Drake's bakery in Wayne, N.J. Gloekler said McKee hoped to make Drake's products at its plant in Stuarts Draft, Va. since Drake's cakes are best known in the northeast region.
When asked about the fate of the Drake's bakery, Hostess spokesman Tom Becker said the company continues "to market all remaining assets."
Hostess has said in court previously that it needed to move quickly in selling off its brands to capitalize on the outpouring of nostalgia and media coverage prompted by its demise. The company repeated the sentiment in its court filing Monday, noting that there is no advertising or marketing for Drake's brands, which also include Ring Dings, Sunny Doodles and Yankee Doodles.
"The longer Drake's products stay off the shelves, the more likely it is that consumers will begin to use competitors' products," the filing said.
McKee generates about $1.1 billion in sales a year, with its Little Debbie cake division accounting for $800 million of that, according to the company. In recent years, McKee has seen its sales remain flat or fall as eating habits have changed.
Hostess Brands Inc., based in Irving, Texas, has been plagued by even greater problems. The company announced in November that it was shutting down its business and selling its breads and snack cakes. Its demise came after years of management turmoil and turnover, with workers saying the company failed to invest its brands. Hostess filed for its second Chapter 11 bankruptcy in less than a decade this January, citing costs associated with its unionized workforce.
After declaring that it was going out of business, Hostess had solicited bids for its brands by a Dec. 10 deadline. The company said in its filing Monday that it had received one bid for "substantially all" of its assets. But Hostess said the bid was not as valuable as the combined total for of the bids it received for individual brands. In addition, Hostess said the bidder that made the offer for conducted "very limited diligence."
___
Follow Candice Choi at www.twitter.com/candicechoi
Jan. 28, 2013 ? UCLA researchers, in a finding that runs counter to conventional wisdom, have discovered for the first time that a gene thought to express a protein in all cells that come under stress is instead expressed only in specific cell types.
The group, from the Jules Stein Eye Institute and UCLA Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, focused on ?B-Crystallin, a small heat shock protein. Heat shock proteins are a class of functionally-related proteins involved in the folding and unfolding of other proteins. Their expression is increased when cells are exposed to taxing environmental conditions, such as infection, inflammation, exercise, exposure to toxins and other stressors.
?B-Crystallin may be associated with certain cancers and could be developed into a biomarker to monitor for diseases such as multiple sclerosis, age-related macular degeneration, heart muscle degeneration and clouding of the eye lens. Any discoveries about how this protein is regulated and its molecular biology may reveal potential targets for novel therapies, said study first author Zhe Jing, a research associate in UCLA Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.
"If you use a certain cell type, this protein can be induced when the cells are stressed, but that doesn't happen in a different cell type," said Jing. "This novel finding does conflict with what has been thought, that this protein could be induced in any cell type."
The findings of this two-year study are published in the most recent issue of the journal Cell Stress and Chaperones, a peer-reviewed journal in the fields of cell stress response.
The UCLA team did the study using four cell lines -- two epithelial cells lines and two fibroblast cells lines. They found that the protein cannot be induced by stress in epithelial cells, in which 80 percent of cancers arise. It can, however, be induced in the fibroblasts that make up muscle tissue.
The significant finding in this investigation is that, in certain cell types, only one specific heat shock factor controls the expression of ?B-Crystallin. For example, in the epithelial cell lines, it is heat shock factor 4 (HSF4), while a different heat shock factor, (HSF1), plays this role in the fibroblast cells lines.
In the past, the data has indicated that a heat shock factor could control the expression of ?B-Crystallin randomly and equally. However, Jing's discovery overrides this rule. His findings strongly suggest the "preference" of the ?B-Crystallin to heat shock factors in certain cells may be correlated with its versatility to various diseases.
"Considering the multiple roles of ?B-Crystallin in so many diseases, the access of the HSF1 and HSF4 to the ?B-Crystallin gene dictated by the certain cell type may be what is helping to cause certain diseases," Jing said. "If we can uncover the cascade of events that result in disease, we may be able to come up with strategies to block or interrupt that cascade."
Going forward, Jing and the research team will validate what they found in this study by examining single cells, which provides a greater challenge but may lead to further discoveries.
The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Health Sciences, via Newswise.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
Zhe Jing, Rajendra K. Gangalum, Josh Z. Lee, Dennis Mock, Suraj P. Bhat. Cell-type-dependent access of HSF1 and HSF4 to ?B-crystallin promoter during heat shock. Cell Stress and Chaperones, 2012; DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0386-7
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
Jan. 28, 2013 ? Varying magnetic fields and temperature conditions help to elucidate smart materials' transitory magnetic disorder
Novel, smart materials like shape memory alloys very often display so-called glass-like magnetism. Other smart materials with similar properties include those which, when exposed to a magnetic field, change their electrical resistance, known as manganites, or change their temperature, known as magnetocaloric materials. Kaustav Mukherjee and his colleagues from the Consortium for Scientific Research Indore in India studied a key stage in the formation of such a magnetic glass material, called Pr0.5 Ca0.5 Mn0.975 Al0.025 O3, in a paper about to be published in The European Physical Journal B.
They focused on the stage where 'water to ice' style transformation -- referred to as first-order magnetic transformation -- is arrested upon cooling. This is a phenomenon dubbed kinetic arrest, corresponding to a temperature where the material undergoes a transition from a magnetic to a non-magnetic state, with the two phases competing with each other.
Glass-like magnetic materials display fragile magnetic properties. They draw their name from the similarity to the fragility observed in conventional, chemical glass. If a magnetic field is applied while the sample is cooled to what is referred to as its transition temperature, magnetisation of the sample increases and the material becomes magnetic. However, the magnetisation continues to increase further with time, even if the magnetic field and temperature remain constant.
The authors performed bulk measurements of magnetisation on powder samples of Pr0.5 Ca0.5 Mn0.975 Al0.025 O3, at the transition point between magnetic and non-magnetic states. To do so, they simultaneously varied both the magnetic field and the temperature of the sample. They observed the formation of the kinetic arrest band and showed that it is inversely correlated with states reached at extremes of temperature described at supercooling and superheating bands. They then established that the kinetic arrested state is different from the supercooled state.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Springer Science+Business Media.
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Journal Reference:
Kaustav Mukherjee, Kranti Kumar, Alok Banerjee, Praveen Chaddah. On the correlation between supercooling, superheating and kinetic arrest in a magnetic glass Pr0.5Ca0.5Mn0.975Al0.025O3. The European Physical Journal B, 2013; 86 (1) DOI: 10.1140/epjb/e2012-30748-y
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
TALLAHASSEE ? Florida?s 40 senators are paying a little more for health insurance this year.
For years, Florida?s lawmakers have enjoyed the perk of greatly reduced health insurance. Up until January 1, lawmakers were paying $30 per month for family insurance or $8 per month for an individual ? about one-sixth of what state employees pay for identical coverage.
But a reduction in funds in this year?s budget has forced a change.
Now, senators will pay the same amount as run-of-the-mill state employees. That means $50 per month for senators with individual coverage and $180 per month for those with family coverage.
A Senate spokeswoman said none of the lawmakers dropped the coverage after hearing of the cost change.
According to a story by the Associated Press, Gov. Rick Scott and several members of the House are still getting the low rate, which amounts to less than $400 per year.
called "remembering whitney:a mother's story of life, loss and the night the music stopped." i see you smile when you look at those images.
>>i have a lot of smiles for her. she's great.
>>so many people loved your daughter from afar. but she was your
little girl
.
>>not as much as i did.
>>how has this last year been for you? how are you feeling?
>>i'm all right. i'm getting through it, hopefully.
>>you write of terrible grief in this book. you write i would be sitting in a chair crushed under a burden of grief and suddenly i would hear someone screaming and then i would realize those screams were coming from me.
>>yeah.
>>how did you want to tell this story?
>>because they have it all wrong about her and our relationship. we had no troubled relationship. we had a great relationship. just because kids, when they get to a certain age, they want to do and don't want their mothers to know. i think people just make up thing things, you know. and it's not like that at all. she and i were very, very close. she knew i loved her and i knew she loved me. there were troubled times with her husband. i think other things troubled her so much, you know.
>>the last time you saw her, i think, was at christmas, right before she
passed away
in february.
>>right.
>>it sounds like there were some tender moments.
>>very tender.
>>what do you remember?
>>i remember coming there, i was kind of angry, because they didn't come for dinner and all that kind of stuff. but i went some place else. and i was kind of punishing them. but they called me and said, mom, we're here. are you going to come? i said, yes, i will, after i come back from where i'm coming. the next day i did.
christmas day
i went to new york and i met my children, all of them. and i was so glad to see her. i didn't see her that much but we always communicated in some manner.
>>then you got that terrible news in february. the l.a. coroner's report ultimately concluded that she passed of a combination of a
heart condition
but also the use of cocaine. there were many other drugs found in her system. and this was a lifelong struggle, it would seem, with drugs. were you surprised at that point? did you think she was doing better at that point?
>>i did think she was doing better. and drugs stay in your system a long time. she didn't have to do that that day, you know what i'm saying? it could be a week ago or whatever, what i know about it. i don't really know much about it.
>>this is a very honest book. you ask yourself some tough questions. you write, should i have done things differently? was i a good mother? was i too hard on her? and the worst one of all, could i have saved her somehow?
>>i think good mothers, good fathers, good families don't always have great children.
bad people
have good children. it's all their responsibility when they get to a certain age to choose their way. she was taught, she knew the way.
>>was there a moment when you knew, i have lost her to this illness, to
drug addiction
?
>>yeah. but when i did that, i went and got her.
>>is that when you went --
>>yes.
>>what did you see when you walked into that house?
>>she told on oprah what i saw, you know what i'm saying? it's not the way she had been brought up and lived and all that kind of business. things that she didn't do, but things that i thought her husband did, you know.
>>let me ask you about
bobby brown
.
>>i don't know too much about
bobby brown
. i don't want to talk about
bobby brown
.
>>you are very restrained in the book. you say you don't blame him but you're not sure he helped her.
>>i know he didn't help her. i don't blame him. everybody is responsible for their own actions up to a point, you know. and i think that she was raised, she knew better. and whatever took her to that position, i really don't know.
>>you write about a woman in the book, somebody that you didn't care for all that much. you say they were very good friends.
>>they were.
>>lived together for a time. you say there were rumors that swirled around that relationship. you come to the conclusion you don't honestly know what that relationship was about. in your heart of hearts, what do you think that relationship with that woman was about?
>>that they were good friends. like
raquel welsh
, she had a lot of women around her. they thought the same thing about her. she was living her life the way she wanted to do it.
>>you must miss her terribly.
>>i miss her so much, i can't even express it.
>>there's so much heartbreak in this book. you talk about times when you feel like she wasn't in touch as much.
>>no. well, when children, i think, are doing what they want to do, they don't always call their parents, you know. or whatever. they seem to
stay away
.
>>a lot of people come up to you now and say, whitney, she was taken too soon. and you write in the book, you're not sure about that. you have a different perspective on that.
>>well, i trust in god. and we never know what his -- his ways are not our ways so we have to go with that. and there's nothing i can do about it. i loved her. she was wonderful. i'm very proud of her accomplishments. and i was very proud of her, and i still am.
>>cissy houston
, such a delight to talk to you. i know it's not easy, but we appreciate you being here. we'll talk to you more in our next hour. we look forward to that.
You have written this fantastic thriller, perfectly edited, your book has a stunning cover and already received praise from reviewers.
Still your books? sales are not what you envisioned when you started your author-publishing? I am talking here not only about author-published books, but also those who are published traditionally. In print your book has only a very small window of three months to make or break it in bookstores. After that, remaining copies will be returned to the publisher (the bookstore will not order it again, if it did not ?make it?) and sold by your publisher for a very low price to mass markets (in the best case) or trashed.
To get the word out about the upcoming book launch, to receive positive articles in newspapers., magazine, book blogs, or to get interviews, writers should professionally deal with anyone who could tout their book ? not only national press or TV. Often book bloggers can do more than a newspaper for your book to be discovered. After all, they have the right audience. Don?t be surprised when you never get an answer to your press releases if you don?t provide a compelling reason for the journalist or interviewer how their listeners/readers profit from your information.
Don?t make these common errors:
Not having a press page on your website Unfortunately?most writers are not aware that journalists, bloggers or radio hosts need a bit more information than what they see on your Amazon page. And they won?t just copy and paste your ?about the author? or the description of your book on the sales page. Check out Stephen Kings website, one of the best of all authors. His whole website is almost a press release, but see how he organized his page for the media:?http://www.stephenking.com/press.php .
Not offering a variety of cover photos For internet articles media people need images in jpeg or gif and for print a TIFF version is necessary. As more pixels as better. Offer several versions / sizes on your website for download or copy/paste. Get this versions from your cover designer when creating your books cover, which is often included. When ordering it later, they (rightfully) charge you for a second order. See again Stephen Kings website how he deals with press photos and how easy he makes it for journalists. .
Not giving full information Journalists are usually lousy paid. They work hard, always under deadline pressures. Make it easy for them and provide exact links about anything that was ever written about your book, any interviews, and links to videos, from your book trailer to taped interviews. Don?t hide these links, write them open. This way it is easy to copy and paste it for the blogger or journalist and to work with your information. It happens so many times that I ask authors if they had any interviews. They write back ?yes?, but not when, where, with whom and if there is any documentation, such as a blog, a newspaper interview or a video available. There is more: Show prominently on the front of your web page a link or a button to your book order page. Not everyone wants to browse through the whole website and search for purchase information. A good idea is to think about possible questions and what could be interesting for the interviewer and listeners/readers and offer this list. Sometimes the interviewer didn?t even have time to read your book and will be thankful for any help you can provide. .
Not having a (virtual) portfolio at all Visual artists have usually wonderful portfolios including snippets from media articles about their work or praise from art collectors and customers. Why not writers? Why not collecting (copy/paste) everything that was ever written about your book or excerpts of book reviews and add it to your website. Maybe offering a chapter or part of it for readers before they order your book. Providing website visitors with exact links to all of your sales pages. It is called world wide web, which means if you book is available to customers in Japan, India, Brazil or the UK, they are thankful to immediately find out where on Amazon, Kobo or any other online retailer they can buy your book and important: getting the exact link to your sales page. .
Not following up Don?t send out your news release and forget about it. Follow up quickly. You searched and found the right person to send your press release, so call within a day or two to make sure the announcement was received. However, don?t call an editor or reporter when they are on a deadline. A general rule of thumb is not to contact a newsroom in the late afternoon. Ask their secretary which time is best. When calling, verify that they have time to talk. Be available when a reporter calls and tell them?why your release is important to their readers and viewers. .
Not being prepared for one-on-one interviews OK you worked hard to send out these press releases and your finally get the call for a radio show interview ? this afternoon. You almost faint, as you are not prepared at all? You know, if you decline, you will not be invited ? ever. So better be prepared, start before you even sent out your press releases. Good interviewing skills and techniques can be learned. There are quite a few books out there, just to mention one, by Sharyn Doolan, ?Media Training and Presentation Skills. How to deal with the Media for Business and Profit.? And it costs ? $0.99 .
Not becoming familiar with the media outlet No matter if you deal with a newspaper/magazine, radio or TV: do your homework and get familiar with their former articles and possible interview questions, their writing style, the names of their interviewers, journalists etc. If you are to be interviewed in person, get to know how you can reach their studio and allow plenty of time. Calculate to be there at least an hour or two before the interview starts. .
Many writers dream of the exposure their book could receive in print or online articles, or on a popular radio or TV show. It is one step more in your book PR efforts ? not the start of a million book sales avalanche ? rather an opportunity to maybe get a free video recording of your interview or another article for your book?s portfolio. It also increases your recognition as an author and is a great sales argument when dealing with libraries or bookstores. Don?t forget: PR is a long-term strategy! .
To be considered for an article or interview you have to show that you are a professional author. No media employee or book blogger wants to deal with clueless beginners and help them with every detail in the process. More about how to write successful press releases in an upcoming blog post.
Further reading: http://www.gdrc.org/ngo/media/index.html http://www.staashpress.com/article21.html http://hughespr.wordpress.com/2011/09/09/going-it-alone/
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WASHINGTON (AP) ? Rep. Paul Ryan said Saturday that Republicans need to stick together and pick their fights during President Barack Obama's second term, rejecting some White House proposals outright and trying to infuse others with conservative principles.
In a speech to conservatives, the GOP's 2012 vice presidential nominee said Obama would attempt to divide Republicans but that the party must avoid internal squabbles as it seeks to rebound from a second straight presidential loss.
"We can't get rattled. We won't play the villain in his morality plays. We have to stay united," Ryan said at the National Review Institute event. "We have to show that if given the chance, we can govern. We have better ideas."
The Wisconsin congressman outlined a pragmatic approach for a party dealing with last November's election defeats and trying to determine whether to oppose Obama's agenda at every turn or shape his proposals with conservative principles.
With a surging minority population altering the electorate, Republican leaders have discussed the need to attract more women and Hispanics while at the same time standing firm to the values that unite conservatives.
The party's future was a major theme during the three-day meeting of conservatives activists, who expected to hear from Govs. Scott Walker of Wisconsin, Bobby Jindal of Louisiana, Bob McDonnell of Virginia, and Sen. Ted Cruz of Texas.
Ryan rejected the notion that Republicans were "in the wilderness," noting that the party controls the House and most statehouses. But he said Obama's victory over Mitt Romney meant that Republicans would need to recalibrate their approach to deal with the new political realities.
"If we want to promote conservatism, we'll need to use every tool at our disposal," Ryan said. "Sometimes, we will have to reject the president's proposals ? that time may come more than once. And sometimes we'll have to make them better." He said Republicans should have two main goals for the next four years, namely "to mitigate bad policies" and "to advance good policy wherever we can."
Ryan acknowledged that "we all didn't see eye to eye" on the recent "fiscal cliff" vote to deal with a combination of spending cuts and higher taxes that were set to take effect at the start of the year. He defended his support for the bill, saying it was the only way to avoid sweeping tax increases and prevent the economy from going into a free-fall.
As chairman of the House Budget Committee, Ryan said Republicans needed to guard against a debt crisis for the country that would undermine the economy. He said he would promote changes to Medicare and Medicaid and would propose a budget "that will balance and pay down the debt."
But November's election results still linger. Ryan said he was "disappointed" by the outcome, saying he was "looking forward to taking on the big challenges" while living at the vice president's residence. "My kids were looking forward to having a pool," he joked.
___
Follow Ken Thomas at: http://twitter.com/AP_Ken_Thomas
'Dateline NBC,' the signature broadcast for NBC News in primetime, premiered in 1992. Since then, it has been pioneering a new approach to primetime news programming. The multi-night franchise, supplemented by frequent specials, allows NBC to consistently and comprehensively present the highest-quality reporting, investigative features, breaking news coverage and newsmaker profiles.
Jim Martinez decided to research the sources of the Common Core State Standards. Given their importance as a redesign of the nation?s highly decentralized education system, we can expect to see many more such efforts to understand the origins of this important document.
?Engaging the nonsense ? a brief investigation of the Common Core?
A teacher asked me where the Common Core came from, another suggested that I ?teach? the Common Core in my Master?s degree level courses.
So my curiosity got the best of me and I spent some time understanding something about Common Core from my perspective as a scholar and educator.
My first discovery is that the Common Core is a political document. That may seem fairly obvious, but what I mean is that there is an identifiable political ideology and history that has contributed greatly to the current document. I?ve attached a link to document that led me to this conclusion. http://www.corestandards.org/the-standards ? English Language Arts Appendix A
This document contains references to supporting representative research for the Common Core. As I read the document something caught my eye, it was the following quote from Adams (2009)
??There may one day be modes and methods of information delivery that are as efficient and powerful as text, but for now there is no contest. To grow, our students must read lots, and more specifically they must read lots of ?complex? texts?texts that offer them new language, new knowledge, and new modes of thought??
This bothered me. I don?t agree with the statement and so I decided to read Adams (2009) I did a Google search and found this:
http://www.childrenofthecode.org/interviews/adams.htm ? The Challenge of Advanced Texts:The Interdependence of Reading and Learning.
From the text I figured out that Adams is a heavy weight in reading and literacy circles (pun intended) there?s just a style of writing and authoritative stance that gives you clues, I then looked her up in Wikipedia to confirm my suspicions.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Jager_Adams
If you read the article you find that not only is she a heavy weight, she is politically connected as in, inside the room when policy decisions are made.
I Googled a little more and came to this document.
It?s a critique on her work in the 1990s that refers to her government directed research on phonics instruction. The critique and her response are very informative. It took me a couple of hours to find these documents and read parts of them and I think I found some answers to some questions and was provoked to some other thoughts that I will share with you now.
Common Core includes in it?s history, No Child Left Behind and other national educational policy reports dating back to A Nation At Risk (1983). It?s important to remember that most research is government funded and so it is unfair to critique educational research for it?s funding source. However, it is absolutely fair to question who gets to decide what the research is about and how that research is presented and used.
I happened to pursue a line of inquiry that involved Adams (2009) but there were many other researchers cited (Beck and Mckeown, vocabulary development, are notable as well) in the Common Core. I disagreed with Adams and I wanted to explore the source of the disagreement, the critiques helped clarify my understanding of my disagreement. The critiques also provided valuable insights on the theoretical framework Adams uses in her research. I still disagree with her, but I am respectful of her efforts. Which brings me to my next point.
There are many researchers cited in the Common Core, with many research agendas, using many methodological approaches across many disciplines. There is no cohesive theoretical framework or agreement on what constitutes the best approaches from a scientific research perspective to teaching and learning being represented in the document. Critics of the representative research in the Common Core abound. Some of the representative research consists of laboratory trials with small numbers of students, some include longitudinal studies and some of the research includes significant limitations that should be considered carefully when considering the claims that are made in the research.
Given the ambition of a national educational policy it seems that the best policy makers could come up with are some ?best practices? that have achieved some success. It is very helpful to publicize that kind information, however, we have to ask: Is it useful to claim that a patchwork quilt of research underlying a set of standards is a framework for a solution to the educational challenges this country faces?
When teachers are asked to implement standards that they feel ?do not make sense? it is not that teachers are simply ignorant and require professional development, it is in my opinion, the initial reaction of a person engaged in a craft/practice that is highly dependent and responsive to local conditions.
The Common Core standards are derived, in part, from an abstraction (the patchwork quilt of research) and are being pushed on to practitioners. The research strands that I examined tended toward the notion that knowledge acquisition is the endgame of school-based learning. I would not be surprised if that were true of many of the other research strands as that sentiment is pervasive in education.
Knowledge acquisition learning is about remembering and being able to manipulate abstract knowledge. We determine that a student has acquired knowledge by testing or providing a task that can only be completed if the individual has the requisite skill or knowledge. The Common Core is intended to set the standard for this type of learning and so there must be tests. Let?s set aside for the moment that the standardized tests we already use are not calibrated to the Common Core. If we believe in an educational system that prioritizes knowledge acquisition in the service of a national security agenda (economic competitiveness, technology dominance, etc.) then testing is necessary.
We experience the consequences of this priority in classrooms every day. I don?t have to detail them here.
If we believe that education is about more than knowledge acquisition, and that national security can be achieved through other concepts such as healthy communities, sustainable resource uses, national unity, world peace, or the elimination of hunger and poverty. Then we need to take responsibility for our practices, assert our own understandings of those practices, expose those practices to peer-review and challenge ?what does not make sense? collectively.
I am finding that engaging the ?nonsense? has been a good learning experience.
Foster Friess (Michael Bonfigli/The Christian Science Monitor)Republican Party donor Foster Friess, 72?Rick Santorum's backer in his bid to be president?made headlines in 2012 for joking that, in his day, "Gals put [aspirin] between their knees" as a form of inexpensive contraception.
When Yahoo News on Friday asked Friess about the GOP's relationship with women, he once again showed interest in the topic. Only this time, it was personal.
"Hugh Hefner said, 'This guy Friess wants to reverse the sexual revolution,'" Friess said. "Well, I have four kids, they're two years apart, and contraception's been very, very good to me."
Friess, speaking at a breakfast hosted by the Christian Science Monitor?in which he discussed a range of topics, from get-out-the-vote efforts to the need for party cohesion?declined to offer further details about his personal choices. He did, however, credit Democrats for successfully controlling the "war on woman" dialogue?with the help of "The View" talk show host Joy Behar?and for spreading the idea that Santorum falsely wanted to ban contraception.
Republicans, he believe, would do well to imitate their efforts. "How the Democrats got away with this, I think, is another indication of a flaw of Republicans?no one confronted that and said this is bald-faced demagoguery," Friess said, adding that women were "seduced" into believing that "this was a war."
He also faulted President Barack Obama for failing to give equal pay to women at the White House and for being someone who "bows to a leader of a country that doesn't allow women to vote or drive a car." (Friess did not say which leader.)
As for get-out-the-vote efforts, Friess suggested that the GOP would also do well to look to the Democratic Party: "I would basically have more on-the-ground activity; I would emulate what [Obama] did." He noted that he had early on questioned the effectiveness of his phone-banking for Santorum compared with Obama's making personal connections with voters at dinners and barbecues.
"It's once been said that for Democrats this is a blood sport," Friess said about politics. "For Republicans, this is a hobby. And that's why Democrats run the government and Republicans run the museums."
Friess also espoused Republican cohesion, calling on his party to end its divisiveness and come together for the good of the country. "Right now, the Republican Party has their tail between their legs," Friess said, even as he noted that Republicans occupy 30 governorships and won control of state legislatures across the country in 2012.
Asked if he believes he contributed to Mitt Romney's general election defeat by supporting Santorum and dividing the party, Friess was adamant that this was not the case. "We helped Mitt Romney," Friess said, explaining that Romney was able to court conservatives by learning from Santorum's successes. "I heard him paraphrase some of Rick's same vision." Additionally, "I don't believe any Republican can win without social conservatives," he said.
At one point, Friess expressed support for gays, noting that his brother-in-law is gay. But he stopped short of advocating gay marriage. Instead, he suggested that America needs to be wary of creeping Sharia law in the U.S. threatening gay Americans, as well as countries that "kill" gays.
Friess is already looking ahead to 2016 and said he would support a Santorum campaign. "Rick Santorum has so much potential," Friess said, adding that Santorum isn't "motivated by perks" or status.
Friess would not, however, confirm his reported interest in creating a super PAC, and suggested the form in which he chooses to donate is not an issue.
"It's exciting to be part of the 1 percent," said Friess, who noted it has given him the ability to get involved in things like disaster relief. He has no interest, he added, in making excuses for being wealthy. "I'm not going to give up my lifestyle," he said.
Asked if he has spoken with other millionaires and billionaires about future political endeavors, Friess, who lives in Wyoming, noted that he surrounds himself with the same people he knew in childhood. "I don't know that many millionaires and billionaires," he said.
As for the others in the richest 1 percent with political clout, he suggested Democratic donor George Soros is funding research in churches in an effort to force some to lose their tax-exempt status. "This may seem conspiratorial," he admitted, saying he "read it on the internet" and can't confirm the validity of the information.
Despite all his differences with the Democratic Party and specific criticisms of the president, however, Friess said everyone needs to support Obama's efforts to repair the nation's economy. "The excitement that I see going forward now for our country is that all of us need to kind of help President Obama create his legacy," said Friess, "which I'm sure he does not want to go down as the president [who] bankrupted America."
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